Legislative & Regulatory Developments

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The new general data privacy laws in Oregon and Delaware expand on existing requirements under other state privacy laws.*

By Robert Blamires, Clayton Northouse, Austin L. Anderson, and Jennifer Howes

Key Takeaways:

  • On July 20, 2023, Oregon’s governor signed the Oregon Consumer Privacy Act into law. The law will take effect on July 1, 2024.
  • On September 11, 2023, Delaware’s governor signed the Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act into law. The law will take effect on January 1, 2025.
  • The Oregon law expands individuals’ right of access to their data to now include a list of names of the third parties to which a business has disclosed an individual’s personal data.[i]
  • Unlike most of the other new state general data privacy laws (and several other existing data privacy regimes), both laws apply to nonprofit entities, with some limited exceptions. Oregon gives nonprofit entities a one-year grace period beyond the law’s effective date.
  • Delaware requires covered businesses to obtain consent of individuals between the ages of 13 and 18 prior to processing their personal data for purposes of selling, targeted advertising, or certain profiling activities.
Abstract Blue Globe With Glowing Networks - Europe

The new framework provides an additional route for personal data transfers from the EEA to the US.

By Robert Blamires, Gail E. Crawford, James Lloyd, Clayton Northouse, Alice Brunning, Alexander Ford-Cox, and Jennifer Howes

On 10 July 2023, the European Commission (EC) took the final step to enable businesses to start relying on the new EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF) for transfers of data from the European Economic Area (EEA) to the US. The EC adopted an adequacy decision following the fulfilment by the US of its implementation commitments under the DPF. The adequacy decision enables organisations to transfer personal data from the EEA to organisations in the US that have self-certified under the DPF with immediate effect. As of 10 July 2023, organisations that were certified under the EU-US Privacy Shield (Privacy Shield) are now certified under the DPF and can begin receiving data from the EEA via the DPF.

California State Capital

Washington State’s landmark privacy law has inspired other states to pass similar laws with stringent requirements on a broad range of companies and processing activities.

By Heather B. Deixler, Clayton Northouse, Austin L. Anderson, Kiara E. Vaughn, and Kathryn Parsons-Reponte

Key Takeaways:

  • On April 27, 2023, Washington State enacted the My Health My Data law (My Health My Data Act), a health privacy law that broadly applies to personal information that is or can be linked to a consumer and identifies the consumer’s physical or mental health status.
  • On June 16, 2023, Nevada passed a similar law by enacting Senate Bill 370 (Nevada Health Privacy Law).
  • Both laws apply to consumer health information not covered under health data privacy laws like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended (HIPAA). However, while Nevada’s law shares similar terminology as Washington State’s law, it is narrower in scope and unlike the Washington State law, it does not include a private cause of action.
  • The requirements under both laws include publishing a consumer health data privacy policy, obtaining consent for the collection and sharing of consumers’ health data with prescriptive requirements, and establishing consumer health data rights.
  • While both laws will be enforced by the states Attorney General, the Washington State law also provides a private right of action, allowing individuals to directly bring an enforcement action against a business.
  • With certain exceptions (see small businesses and the geolocation restriction under My Health My Data), both laws will go into effect on March 31, 2024.

Washington State and Nevada have now passed health data privacy laws that impose obligations relating to the collection, processing, and sharing of “consumer health data.” Both laws (collectively, State Health Data Privacy Laws) go into effect on March 31, 2024, with some exceptions. The Washington State law’s ban on geofencing went into effect on July 23, 2023, and the law also includes a slight delay for small businesses, which are not subject to most of the law’s requirements until June 30, 2024.

Privacy concept: Home on digital background

Covered companies will need to take additional steps to comply with the law in light of the new obligations relating to consumer health data and minors under 18 years old.

By Marissa R. Boynton, Serrin Turner, Joseph C. Hansen, Jennifer Howes, and Dyllan Brown-Bramble

On June 6, 2023, the Connecticut legislature passed Substitute Senate Bill No. 3 (SB3), which significantly amends the Connecticut Data Privacy Act (CTDPA), thereby broadening its reach. While the CTDPA took effect on July 1, 2023, the amendments do not yet apply.

The provisions in SB3 concerning consumer health data were originally drafted to take effect on July 1, 2023, alongside the rest of the CTDPA. However, a day after SB3 passed, the state budget bill amended the provisions related to consumer health data. The provisions will now take effect on October 1, 2023.

Separately, the requirements for dating app operators will take effect on January 1, 2024; the requirements for social media platforms will take effect on July 1, 2024; and the requirements for online providers of services, products, or features used by minors under 18 will take effect on October 1, 2024.

Internet Security Concept

Florida’s law introduces novel provisions that depart from existing US state privacy laws, which businesses will need to carefully consider.

By Jennifer C. Archie, Clayton Northouse, Joseph C. Hansen, and Austin L. Anderson

Key Takeaways:

  • On June 7, 2023, Florida’s governor signed the Digital Bill of Rights into law, set to go into effect on July 1, 2024.
  • Unique to Florida, the law mainly targets very large enterprises, adopting a revenue threshold of at least $1 billion gross annual revenue for many of its requirements, and regulating companies engaged in specific enumerated digital lines of business.
  • The law also imposes obligations on all for-profit businesses (regardless of revenue threshold) that do business in the state and “sell” the sensitive personal data of Florida consumers.
  • Many of the law’s requirements are modeled off of Virginia’s privacy law, but covered businesses will need to pay special attention to unique requirements around consumer rights, privacy policy disclosures, and restrictions on data obtained from consumers under the age of 18.
  • The Florida Attorney General has exclusive enforcement authority, and penalties can reach up to $150,000 for certain violations, including failure to correct or delete a consumer’s personal data.
  • Favorably, the law provides a discretionary 45-day right to cure.
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The amended PDPL diverges from international privacy laws in several areas, including personal data transfers, penalties, and breach notification.

By Brian A. Meenagh and Lucy Tucker

An amended version of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) was published in the Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on April 7, 2023. The amended PDPL contains the same wide extra-territorial scope as the original PDPL. It applies to any processing of personal data that takes place in the Kingdom, and applies to the processing of personal data of individuals located in the Kingdom by organizations outside of the Kingdom.

The amended PDPL contains concepts and requirements similar to those in international privacy laws, such as the GDPR, including concepts, such as personal data, controllers and processors, data processing principles, certain data subject rights, and the requirement to maintain a record of processing activities. However, the PDPL diverges from international privacy laws in several important areas, notably in relation to transfers of personal data outside of the Kingdom and penalties for non-compliance.

cybersecurity

The stringent law introduces several novel obligations and a unique approach to determining applicability that may broaden its reach.

By Clayton Northouse, Michael H. Rubin, and Robert Brown

On June 18, 2023, Texas enacted the Texas Data Privacy & Security Act (TDPSA), which will largely take effect in just over a year on July 1, 2024. The TDPSA follows in the footsteps of 10 other comprehensive US state privacy laws but sits decisively on the more stringent end of the spectrum.

While the TDPSA is generally modeled after the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA), it adopts many of the more consumer-friendly components of more recently enacted laws. It also introduces several novel obligations and a unique approach to determining applicability that may broaden its reach.

In light of these factors and considering the size of the Texas economy and population, the TDPSA may prove to be the most impactful state privacy law since the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which was enacted in 2020.

Internet Cyber Security network with lock

The new laws introduce novel applicability thresholds and other requirements that businesses should consider when preparing for compliance with US state privacy laws, including those coming into effect from 2023 onwards.

By Robert Blamires, Marissa Boynton, Michael H. Rubin, Joseph Hansen, and Austin Anderson

Key Takeaways:

(i) Indiana, Montana, and Tennessee have all enacted general data privacy legislation, bringing the total to nine US state data privacy laws.

(ii) Montana will be the first of the three new laws to take effect on October 1, 2024, followed by Tennessee on July 1, 2025, and Indiana on January 1, 2026.

(iii) For businesses subject to existing similar general data privacy laws in other US states, many of the requirements will look familiar. The laws in Indiana and Tennessee generally follow in the wake of Virginia’s privacy law, while Montana’s law tracks more closely to Connecticut’s privacy law.  

(iv) All three laws will be exclusively enforced by the respective state attorneys general, but the penalties and applicable cure periods vary.

Iowa’s new data privacy law, which will come into force in 2025, adds to an increasingly complex patchwork of state laws.

By Robert Blamires, Clay Northouse, Michael Rubin, Robert Brown, Joseph Hansen, and Zac Alpert

On March 28, 2023, Iowa became the sixth US state to pass a comprehensive privacy law. The Iowa data privacy law (SF 262) (Iowa Privacy Law) was passed unanimously by the state House and Senate, and signed by Governor Kim Reynolds.

The Iowa Privacy Law imposes requirements similar to those already required by other state privacy laws—most notably, Utah. The key task for companies subject to the law will be to ensure that their existing measures cover personal data collected about Iowa residents, for example, by extending their privacy notices, contracts, and user rights mechanisms to include Iowa consumer personal data.

The updated reform legislation provides welcome guidance and clarifications on aspects such as legitimate interests and accountability, without substantially shifting the approach proposed under the existing reform bill.

By Gail E. Crawford, Fiona M. Maclean, Timothy Neo, Irina Vasile, and Amy Smyth

On 8 March 2023, the UK government introduced the second draft of its UK data protection reform legislation, the Data Protection and Digital Information (No.2) Bill (the No. 2 Bill). The No. 2 Bill supersedes the original Data Protection and Digital Information Bill (the Original Bill), which the government first introduced last summer, following the consultation “Data: a new direction” (the Consultation). (For more information on the Consultation, see this Latham blog post; for more details on the proposed changes in the first version of the Bill, see this Latham overview and deep dive.)

The No. 2 Bill details how the government proposes to reform the current UK data protection regime, which consists primarily of the UK Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018), the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR), and the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 (PECR).